Understanding Domestic Abuse and Your Rights
Domestic abuse is a serious crime in the UK and covers much more than physical violence. Under the Domestic Abuse Act 2021, domestic abuse includes not only physical harm, but also emotional, psychological, sexual, financial, and controlling or coercive behaviour by someone you have a personal connection with, such as a partner, ex-partner, or family member. Recognising the different forms abuse can take is an important first step in protecting yourself and seeking help.
Understanding your rights is crucial. Everyone has the legal right to live free from abuse and fear in their own home. The law protects all victims of domestic abuse, regardless of gender, age, sexuality, or background. This includes protection from threats, intimidation, and any behaviour that causes you harm or distress. If you are unsure whether what you are experiencing is abuse, it may help to read more about domestic abuse and your rights.
If you are experiencing abuse, you are not alone – and it is never your fault. There are safe ways to seek help and report what is happening. Speaking to someone you trust, contacting specialist support services, or reaching out to the police are all valid options. For free, confidential advice and support at any time, you can contact the National Domestic Violence Helpline, which is available 24 hours a day.
The UK has strong legal protections in place for victims of domestic abuse. These include court orders such as non-molestation orders and occupation orders, which can help keep you and your children safe. The law also requires police and other authorities to take your concerns seriously and to act to protect you.
Reporting abuse is an important step in stopping it and accessing the help you deserve. By understanding your rights and the protections available, you can make informed decisions about your safety and future. If you are ready to take the next step, this page will guide you through who to contact, how to share your information securely, and what support is available.
To learn more about what domestic abuse is and your legal rights, visit our page on domestic abuse and your rights.
Who You Can Contact to Report Abuse
Who You Can Contact to Report Abuse
If you or someone you know is experiencing domestic abuse, there are several trusted options in the UK for reporting abuse and getting help. Knowing who to contact – and when – can make a crucial difference to your safety and wellbeing.
Police
The police are often the first point of contact if you are in immediate danger or need urgent protection. In an emergency, call 999. If you are unable to speak, you can use the Silent Solution system by pressing 55 when prompted, which lets the operator know you need help but cannot talk safely.
For non-emergencies, you can contact your local police station by calling 101. The police have a legal duty to investigate reports of domestic abuse under the Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004 and can take action such as issuing protective orders or arresting the perpetrator.
Support Services and Helplines
There are many organisations that offer confidential support and advice, whether or not you are ready to involve the police. These services can help you understand your options, access safe accommodation (such as refuges), and provide emotional support. Many are available 24/7 and can help you create a safety plan tailored to your situation.
If you are concerned about a child, it’s important to act quickly. You can contact the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC) for expert advice and to report any concerns about a child’s safety. Their specialist team can listen, advise, and take any necessary action to protect the child.
Local Authorities and Social Services
Local councils have safeguarding teams that can help protect both adults and children from abuse. Social services can provide support, arrange safe accommodation, and coordinate with other agencies to ensure your safety. You have the right to ask for help, and your local authority must consider your needs under the Care Act 2014 and Children Act 1989.
Deciding Who to Contact
Who you choose to contact depends on your immediate needs and your personal safety. If you are in danger or need urgent help, always call the police. If you need advice, support, or are unsure what to do next, reaching out to a support service or helpline can be a safe first step. You might also want to speak to a trusted friend, GP, or another professional who can guide you towards the right support.
For more information on the ways to report domestic abuse, including how to share information securely and what to expect when you make a report, see our dedicated guidance.
Confidentiality and Safety
Your safety and privacy are paramount. Most support services offer confidential advice and will not share your information without your consent unless someone is at immediate risk. If you are worried about someone monitoring your phone or computer, try to use a safe device or clear your browsing history after seeking help.
Remember, you are not alone, and there are people and services ready to help you take the next step – whenever you feel ready.
Reporting Abuse to the Police
Reporting Abuse to the Police
If you are experiencing domestic abuse, contacting the police can be a crucial step to protect yourself and begin the legal process against your abuser. The police are trained to respond to domestic abuse cases and can offer immediate protection, investigate offences, and help you access further support.
When and How to Contact the Police
You should contact the police if you are in immediate danger or feel threatened. In emergencies, always call 999. For non-emergency situations, you can call 101 or visit your local police station. If you are worried about your safety when making the call, try to find a safe place and, if possible, use a phone your abuser does not have access to.
If you are unsure about the process or what will happen next, you can find step-by-step guidance on reporting abuse to the police.
What to Expect When Reporting Abuse
When you report abuse, the police will ask you to describe what has happened and may take a statement. They are likely to ask about any injuries, threats, or previous incidents. The police may also photograph injuries or damage, and collect evidence such as messages or recordings. You can request to speak to a female or male officer if you have a preference, and you are entitled to have someone you trust with you for support.
After your report, the police may:
- Arrest or question the alleged abuser.
- Provide you with information about your rights and support services.
- Help you access a safe place if you cannot return home.
- Refer your case to the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) if there is enough evidence for prosecution.
The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) is responsible for prosecuting criminal cases in England and Wales, including domestic abuse offences. They decide whether there is enough evidence to charge the abuser and take the case to court.
Police Protection Orders and Legal Action
Police can take immediate steps to protect you, such as issuing a Domestic Violence Protection Notice (DVPN) or applying for a Domestic Violence Protection Order (DVPO) through the courts. These orders can prevent the abuser from contacting you or returning to your home for a set period, even if no criminal charges have been made. Breaching these orders is a criminal offence.
The police can also support you in applying for other protective measures, such as Non-Molestation Orders or Occupation Orders, under the Family Law Act 1996. These court orders offer further legal protection and can be tailored to your situation.
Gathering Evidence Before or After Reporting
Collecting evidence can strengthen your case and help the police take action. Useful evidence includes photographs of injuries or property damage, medical records, threatening messages or emails, and details of any witnesses. It’s important to store this evidence safely, such as in a secure email account or with someone you trust.
For practical advice on how to collect and keep evidence safe, see our guide on gathering and preserving evidence of abuse.
Safety Considerations During Police Involvement
Your safety is the top priority. When contacting the police, try to do so from a safe location and consider whether your abuser may become aware of your actions. Police can arrange for you to stay somewhere safe or connect you with local support services. If you are worried about reprisals, let the officers know – they can take steps to protect your privacy and security.
Remember, reporting abuse is a brave and important decision. The police are there to support you, and you have the right to protection and legal action against your abuser. If you have questions about the process or what happens after you report, you can find more detailed information in our section on reporting abuse to the police.
Contacting Support Services for Help and Advice
If you are experiencing domestic abuse, reaching out to a support service can be a crucial first step towards safety and recovery. In the UK, a wide range of support services are available to help victims of domestic abuse, whether you need immediate advice, emotional support, or help making a safety plan.
Types of Support Services
Support services for domestic abuse victims include national helplines, specialist charities, and local organisations. These services are designed to assist people of all backgrounds and circumstances, including women, men, children, and members of the LGBTQ+ community. Many organisations offer confidential advice, practical assistance, and connections to safe accommodation if needed.
For example, national helplines provide 24/7 support and can guide you through your options, while local charities often offer face-to-face support, counselling, and advocacy. Some services specialise in helping specific groups, such as young people or those with disabilities.
You can find a list of essential domestic abuse support services that are ready to help.
How Support Services Can Help
Support services can assist you in several ways:
- Safety Planning: Trained advisers can work with you to create a personalised safety plan. This may include advice on keeping yourself safe at home, planning how to leave an abusive situation, and protecting your children.
- Emotional Support: Domestic abuse can have a significant emotional impact. Support workers can provide a listening ear, help you process your experiences, and offer ongoing encouragement.
- Practical Advice: Services can guide you on your legal rights, explain how to access safe housing, and help you understand options for financial support.
- Referrals: If you need additional help, support services can refer you to other specialists, such as legal advisers or mental health professionals.
Confidentiality and Anonymity
When contacting support services, your privacy is taken seriously. Most helplines and organisations offer confidential support, meaning your details will not be shared without your consent unless there is a serious risk to your safety or someone else’s. Many services also allow you to remain anonymous if you prefer, so you can seek advice without giving your name or personal information.
If you are worried about someone finding out you have sought help, ask the support worker about their confidentiality policies and how your information will be handled.
Examples of Helplines, Charities, and Local Organisations
Some widely recognised support services include:
- National helplines that operate 24/7 and offer advice over the phone or online chat.
- Specialist charities that support specific communities, such as women’s refuges, organisations for male victims, and LGBTQ+ support groups.
- Local domestic abuse services, which may offer drop-in centres, outreach programmes, and support groups in your area.
You can explore a comprehensive list of domestic abuse support services to find the right help for your situation.
When to Contact Support Services
You do not have to wait for an emergency to reach out. Support services are available whether you are in immediate danger, considering leaving an abusive relationship, or simply need someone to talk to. You can contact them as an alternative to the police, or alongside police involvement if you wish. Many people find it helpful to speak to a support worker before making any decisions, as they can help you understand your rights under the law, such as protection orders under the Family Law Act 1996 or the Domestic Abuse Act 2021.
Remember, you are not alone. Support services are here to listen, advise, and help you take the next steps towards safety and recovery. For more information on available options, visit our page on domestic abuse support services.
Reporting Abuse to Other Agencies
When reporting domestic abuse, it’s important to know that you are not limited to contacting the police. There are several other agencies in the UK that can help protect you and your family, each with their own roles and responsibilities. These include social services, housing authorities, and health professionals. Understanding how these agencies work can help you make informed choices about your safety and wellbeing.
Social Services
Social services play a crucial role in safeguarding both adults and children from abuse or neglect. If you are concerned for your own safety, or that of your children, you can contact your local social services department. They have a legal duty to investigate concerns about the welfare of children and vulnerable adults. Social workers can assess your situation, help you access emergency accommodation, and put support plans in place to keep you and your loved ones safe.
You should contact social services if:
- You are experiencing abuse and have children at home.
- You believe a child or vulnerable adult is at risk of harm.
- You need urgent support with housing or care needs due to abuse.
Social services operate under laws such as the Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006, which sets out protections for children and vulnerable adults.
Housing Authorities
If your home is not safe due to abuse, your local housing authority can help. They have a responsibility to provide advice and, in some cases, emergency accommodation for people fleeing domestic violence. You do not need to be homeless before you ask for help; housing officers can discuss your options and support you in finding a safer place to live.
Situations where you should contact housing authorities include:
- You need to leave your home urgently because of abuse.
- You are being threatened with eviction by an abusive partner or family member.
- You want to know your rights about staying in or leaving your current home.
Health Professionals
Doctors, nurses, and other health professionals can be a vital source of support. If you are injured or need medical care as a result of abuse, health professionals can treat you and record evidence of injuries. They can also refer you to specialist support services and, if necessary, make a safeguarding referral to protect you or your children.
You might speak to a health professional if:
- You have physical injuries from abuse.
- You are experiencing anxiety, depression, or other mental health issues because of abuse.
- You need a safe space to talk about your situation and get advice.
Reporting Safely
When contacting any agency, your safety and confidentiality are paramount. You can usually make a report by phone, online, or in person. If you’re worried about your abuser finding out, ask the agency about their confidentiality policies and whether your contact will be kept private. In urgent situations, always prioritise your immediate safety and seek emergency help if needed.
For more information on your options, see our dedicated guide on reporting abuse to other agencies. You can also read the Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 for details about the legal protections in place for children and vulnerable adults.
Remember, you are not alone, and there are multiple agencies ready to help you take the next step towards safety and support.
How to Share Information Safely When Reporting Abuse
How to Share Information Safely When Reporting Abuse
When you decide to report abuse, your safety is the top priority. Sharing information about your situation can be daunting, especially if you are worried that your abuser may find out. Here are practical steps to help you communicate safely, protect your privacy, and make sure your evidence is secure.
Tips for Safe Communication
- Choose a Safe Time and Place: If possible, communicate about your situation when you know your abuser is not around or cannot overhear you. Avoid discussing sensitive details in shared spaces or on devices your abuser might access.
- Tell Someone You Trust: If you feel able, confide in a trusted friend, family member, or support worker. They can help you plan and may notice if something is wrong.
Using Safe Devices and Secure Channels
- Use a Device Your Abuser Cannot Access: If you suspect your phone, tablet, or computer is being monitored, try to use a device your abuser does not control. This could be a friend’s phone, a work computer, or a public library computer.
- Clear Your Digital Footprint: After searching for help or sending messages, clear your browser history and delete messages if it is safe to do so. Many organisations have “quick exit” buttons on their websites for added safety.
- Create a New Email Account: Consider setting up a new email account with a strong password, used only for seeking help. Do not save the password on shared devices.
Keeping Records and Evidence Secure
Documenting abuse can be important for your safety and for any legal action you may wish to take. For detailed guidance, see our section on gathering and preserving evidence of abuse. Here are some general tips:
- Keep Evidence Hidden: Store photos, messages, or a written diary in a secure place. If possible, use password-protected files or encrypted apps.
- Back Up Important Information: Save copies of evidence in a secure cloud account or with someone you trust, so it cannot be easily destroyed or lost.
- Avoid Drawing Attention: Do not label files or documents in a way that could alert your abuser.
If You Fear Your Abuser Monitors You
If you believe your abuser is monitoring your calls, messages, or online activity:
- Seek Immediate Help in Person: If possible, visit a trusted neighbour, a GP, or a local support centre to ask for help directly.
- Use Public or Anonymous Phones: Consider calling helplines from a public phone or a borrowed device.
- Be Cautious with Social Media: Avoid posting about your situation or plans on social media, as these can be easily monitored.
Confidentiality When Reporting Abuse
Confidentiality is a crucial part of the reporting process. Professionals such as police officers, social workers, and solicitors have a duty of confidentiality to protect your information and only share it when necessary, such as if there is an immediate risk of harm to you or someone else. This means your details and the information you provide should not be disclosed without your permission, unless required by law.
If you are reporting abuse involving children, you can contact the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC) for confidential advice and support. The NSPCC can guide you through the process and help ensure your concerns are handled sensitively.
Remember, you have the right to ask how your information will be used and who will have access to it. If you have any concerns about confidentiality, do not hesitate to raise them with the person or organisation you are contacting.
Taking steps to protect your privacy and safety when reporting abuse is essential. By following these tips and understanding your rights around confidentiality, you can share information more securely and access the support you need.
Protecting Yourself and Others After Reporting Abuse
After you report domestic abuse, your safety and wellbeing – and that of your loved ones – are the top priority. There are a range of legal protections, practical supports, and ongoing services designed to help you move forward securely. Here’s what you need to know about protecting yourself and others after reporting abuse.
Legal Protections Available
UK law offers several forms of legal protection for those who have experienced domestic abuse. You may be able to apply for a restraining order, non-molestation order, or occupation order. These orders can prevent the abuser from contacting you, coming near your home, or harassing you in any way. In urgent situations, the court can grant emergency protection orders very quickly, sometimes without notifying the other party first (known as “without notice” or ex parte orders).
The Family Law Act 1996 and the Domestic Abuse Act 2021 provide the legal framework for these protections. If you are unsure which order is right for your situation, support services and legal advisers can help you understand your options and make the right application.
Accessing Financial and Housing Support
Leaving an abusive situation often means facing financial and housing challenges. There are services and benefits available to help you secure safe accommodation and rebuild your independence. You may be eligible for emergency housing, help with deposits, or support in finding a new place to live. Financial assistance can include benefits, grants, or emergency funds to cover essential costs.
To learn more about what help is available and how to apply, visit our page on financial and housing assistance for abuse victims.
Safety Planning and Ongoing Support
Having a safety plan is vital, both before and after reporting abuse. This might include changing your contact details, securing your home (such as changing locks), and making arrangements for your children’s safety at school or childcare. Support services can help you put together a tailored plan that suits your needs.
Ongoing support is available through local domestic abuse services, helplines, and counselling. These services can provide emotional support, practical advice, and guidance through the legal process. You are not alone – reaching out can make a real difference.
Protecting Children and Vulnerable Family Members
If children or other vulnerable family members are involved, there are additional steps you can take to keep them safe. The law recognises the serious impact of domestic abuse on children, and there are specific legal protections for children affected by abuse. This may include child arrangement orders, supervised contact, or involving social services to ensure their welfare.
If you are concerned about the safety of your children or others in your care, it is important to raise these concerns with the police, your solicitor, or support workers. They can help you access the right legal measures and support services.
Using Support Services for Continuous Help
Reporting abuse is a significant step, but ongoing support is crucial for your safety and recovery. Specialist organisations can help you navigate the legal process, access housing and financial aid, and provide emotional support as you rebuild your life.
Remember, you do not have to face this alone. Seeking help is a sign of strength, and there are dedicated professionals ready to support you every step of the way. If you need advice or someone to talk to, reach out to a trusted support service for confidential guidance.
Additional Resources and Next Steps
Additional Resources and Next Steps
If you or someone you know is experiencing domestic abuse, it’s important to remember that help is available and you are not alone. Knowing where to turn and what steps to take can make a significant difference in your safety and wellbeing.
Key Contacts and Support Services
Victims of abuse in the UK can reach out to several organisations and authorities for support. You may contact the police in an emergency or if you feel at immediate risk. For confidential advice, national helplines and local support services offer practical help and emotional support. These services can guide you on creating a safety plan, finding emergency accommodation, or accessing legal protections such as non-molestation or occupation orders under the Family Law Act 1996.
Taking Action Promptly and Safely
If you are considering reporting abuse, try to do so as soon as you feel safe. Acting promptly can help protect you and others, and can also make it easier to gather evidence if needed. If you are unsure where to start, our page on ways to report abuse outlines the different options available, including how to contact the police, social services, or specialist charities.
Further Reading and Guidance
Understanding your rights and the steps involved in reporting abuse can empower you to make informed decisions. If you need advice on how to collect and preserve evidence – such as messages, photographs, or medical records – our guide to gathering evidence of abuse provides practical tips to support your case.
For a broader overview of your legal rights, protections under UK law, and the types of abuse recognised, visit our domestic abuse information page. This resource covers everything from recognising abuse to understanding the legal remedies available to victims.
Staying Informed and Supported
Legal protections for victims of domestic abuse are continually evolving. Staying informed about your rights – such as your right to protection orders, support with housing, and access to legal aid – can help you make the best choices for your situation. If you are unsure about your options, consider speaking with a trusted friend, family member, or advocate who can support you throughout the process.
Sharing Your Situation with Trusted Individuals
While it can be difficult to talk about abuse, sharing your experience with someone you trust can provide emotional support and help you stay safe. Trusted individuals can also assist you in seeking professional help, documenting evidence, or contacting authorities when needed.
Remember, reaching out is a sign of strength. Whether you are seeking immediate help or looking for more information, use the resources above to guide your next steps. Your safety and wellbeing are the top priority, and support is available every step of the way.
