What is Council Housing?
Council housing is a form of affordable rented accommodation provided by local councils across the UK. These homes are owned and managed by the local authority, which acts as the landlord. The main purpose of council housing is to offer secure and reasonably priced homes to people who might struggle to afford housing in the private rental market – such as low-income families, elderly people, individuals with disabilities, and those facing homelessness.
Council housing was first introduced after the First World War to address the shortage of decent homes and has since become a crucial part of the UK’s social housing system. Rents for council properties are generally lower than those in the private sector, and tenancies often come with greater security and tenant protections. The allocation of council housing is governed by legal rules, mainly the Housing Act 1996, which requires councils to prioritise people based on need, such as those who are homeless or living in overcrowded or unsafe conditions.
In the broader context of rental housing in the UK, council housing sits alongside private rentals and housing association properties as a key option for those seeking accommodation. Unlike private rented homes, council properties are typically let on secure or introductory tenancies, which offer stronger rights and longer-term stability for tenants. It’s important to note that council housing is just one of the different types of tenancies available in the UK, each with its own rules, benefits, and responsibilities.
If you’re considering council housing, understanding how it compares to other rental options can help you make the best choice for your circumstances. Council homes provide an essential safety net for many, but they are in high demand, and waiting lists can be long. Knowing your rights and the application process is key to making informed decisions about your housing needs.
How to Apply for Council Housing
Applying for council housing can feel overwhelming, but understanding the process and what’s expected can make things much easier. Here’s a step-by-step guide to help you through it.
To apply for council housing, you’ll need to join your local council’s housing register or waiting list. Each council manages its own list, so the first step is to contact your local authority – usually through their website or housing office. You’ll be asked to fill out an application form, either online or in person, providing details about your current living situation, income, family size, and any special circumstances.
Once you’ve applied, the council will assess your application and decide whether you qualify for council housing, and if so, what level of priority you should be given.
Not everyone is eligible for council housing. Councils use criteria set out in the Housing Act 1985 and related regulations to decide who can join the waiting list. Common eligibility requirements include:
Local connection: Most councils give priority to people who live, work, or have close family ties in the area.
Housing need: You must usually demonstrate a genuine need for housing – such as being homeless, living in overcrowded or unsuitable accommodation, or having a medical condition made worse by your current home.
Income and savings: Some councils may restrict access if you have a high income or substantial savings, as council housing is aimed at those who cannot afford to rent privately.
Immigration status: You generally need to have the right to live in the UK without restrictions.
Each council may have its own specific rules, so it’s important to check with yours for full details.
Because demand for council housing is high, most applicants will be placed on a waiting list. The council uses a points or banding system to decide who gets offered homes first. Priority is usually given to:
People who are homeless or at risk of homelessness
Households with urgent medical or welfare needs
Families living in overcrowded or unsafe conditions
Victims of domestic abuse or harassment
Your position on the waiting list can change as your circumstances – or those of other applicants – change. Some councils also have bidding systems, where you can express interest in available properties that match your needs.
If you’re unsure whether you qualify, or if you need help with the application process, your local council’s housing team can offer guidance. There are also organisations and charities that provide housing assistance if you need extra support – such as help with paperwork, understanding your rights, or finding temporary accommodation.
If you’re offered a council home but are worried about affording the rent, you might be eligible for housing benefit. This government support helps people on low incomes pay their rent, and can be claimed even if you’re working. The rules are set out in the Housing Benefit (Local Housing Allowance, Miscellaneous and Consequential) Amendment Regulations 2007.
Make sure to check your eligibility before you move in, as this can help you budget and avoid financial difficulties later on.
Applying for council housing involves several steps, but knowing what to expect can help you plan ahead. If you need more information about your options or support with your application, don’t hesitate to reach out for housing assistance.
Council Tenancies: Rights and Responsibilities
A council tenancy is a legal agreement between you and your local council, giving you the right to live in a council-owned property. This type of tenancy is protected by law, meaning you have important rights as well as responsibilities. For a full overview, see Council Tenancy.
Council tenants benefit from a range of legal protections, mainly set out in the Housing Act 1988. One of the most important is security of tenure. This means you can usually stay in your home as long as you follow the terms of your tenancy agreement. The council can only evict you for specific reasons, such as serious rent arrears or antisocial behaviour, and must follow strict legal procedures.
You also have the right to get repairs done. The council is responsible for most major repairs, including the structure of the building, heating, and plumbing. If you need changes to help you live more comfortably due to a disability, you can request disability adjustments, such as ramps, handrails, or adapted bathrooms. The council must consider your request and cannot unreasonably refuse necessary adaptations.
Other important rights include:
The ability to take in lodgers or apply for permission to sublet part of your home (see below).
The right to be consulted on major works or changes to your tenancy.
The right to pass on your tenancy in certain situations, such as to a family member after your death.
While you have strong legal rights, you also have clear responsibilities. Key obligations include:
Paying your rent on time: Falling behind on rent can put your tenancy at risk. If you’re struggling financially, check if you qualify for housing benefit or other support.
Looking after your home: You must keep the property in good condition and avoid causing damage. This includes minor repairs, like changing light bulbs or keeping the garden tidy.
Respecting your neighbours: Antisocial behaviour, such as excessive noise or harassment, can lead to warnings or even eviction.
Reporting repairs promptly: Let the council know as soon as possible if something needs fixing, especially if it could cause further damage.
If you or someone in your household has a disability, you have the right to ask the council for reasonable disability adjustments. This could include installing ramps, stairlifts, or adapted bathrooms. Your council should assess your needs and may provide funding or help you apply for a Disabled Facilities Grant. Always put your request in writing and keep a record of any correspondence.
Council tenants can sometimes let out a room to a lodger or, in some cases, sublet part of their home. However, there are strict rules about subletting council properties. You must get written permission from your council before subletting or taking in a lodger. Subletting the entire property without consent is illegal and could lead to eviction. Make sure you understand your tenancy agreement and speak to your council before making any arrangements.
If you have a problem with your council as your landlord – such as delays in repairs, disagreements about rent, or issues with neighbours – start by contacting your housing officer or the council’s housing department. Keep a record of all communication. If the issue isn’t resolved, you can escalate your complaint through the council’s formal complaints process. In some cases, you may be able to take your complaint to the Housing Ombudsman or seek independent advice.
Understanding your rights and responsibilities as a council tenant helps you enjoy a secure and comfortable home. For more detailed legal information, visit Council Tenancy Explained – Goulden House or review the Housing Act 1988 – Legislation – The Property Institute.
Maintaining Your Council Home
Maintaining your council home is important for your comfort, safety, and to meet your responsibilities as a tenant. Here’s what you need to know about looking after your council property, dealing with repairs, making improvements, and living harmoniously within your community.
As a council tenant, you have a duty to keep your home in good condition. This means:
Keeping the property clean and tidy, both inside and in any private outdoor areas such as gardens or balconies.
Avoiding damage to fixtures, fittings, and the structure of the property.
Ensuring that you, your household, and any visitors do not cause nuisance or damage.
Your tenancy agreement will set out your specific responsibilities, but generally, you are expected to carry out minor tasks such as changing light bulbs, keeping drains clear, and maintaining your own appliances.
Councils are legally required under the Landlord and Tenant Act 1985 to keep your home in a good state of repair. This includes:
The structure and exterior of the building (e.g., roof, walls, windows, doors).
Essential installations for water, gas, electricity, heating, and sanitation (e.g., boilers, pipes, toilets, baths).
Common areas in flats or maisonettes (e.g., stairways, lifts).
If something breaks or needs repair, report it to your council as soon as possible. Most councils have a dedicated repairs line, online form, or app. For urgent issues, such as a burst pipe or loss of heating in winter, report these as emergencies so they can be prioritised.
The council is usually responsible for major repairs, but you may be responsible for minor fixes like replacing door handles or maintaining your own appliances. Always check your tenancy agreement for details.
If you wish to make changes to your council home – such as redecorating, installing new fixtures, or making structural alterations – you must get written permission from your council before starting any work. This is a legal requirement under most tenancy agreements.
Examples of changes that usually require permission include:
Fitting a new kitchen or bathroom.
Installing a satellite dish or external aerial.
Building a shed or other structure in the garden.
Painting the exterior of the property.
The council may refuse permission if the changes could cause damage, breach building regulations, or affect other tenants. If you make unauthorised alterations, you could be required to restore the property to its original condition at your own expense.
Living in a council home often means being part of a larger community, especially on estates or in blocks of flats. Good neighbour relations are essential for a positive living environment. You are expected to:
Respect your neighbours’ right to peace and quiet.
Avoid excessive noise, especially late at night.
Dispose of rubbish properly and keep shared areas clean.
Avoid anti-social behaviour, such as vandalism or harassment.
Most councils have policies to deal with complaints about nuisance or anti-social behaviour. If you experience problems with neighbours, try to resolve issues amicably first. If this isn’t possible, your council’s housing office can offer advice or take action if necessary.
By taking care of your home, reporting repairs promptly, seeking permission for changes, and being considerate to others, you help create a safe and pleasant place to live for everyone.
Exchanging Council Homes (Home Swaps)
Exchanging Council Homes (Home Swaps)
If you’re a council tenant looking to move, exchanging your home with another council or housing association tenant – often called a “home swap” or “mutual exchange” – can be a practical way to find a property that better suits your needs. This process allows tenants to swap homes directly, rather than waiting for a transfer through the council’s housing list.
A home swap involves two or more tenants agreeing to exchange their homes, with each tenant taking over the other’s tenancy. You can swap with another council tenant or with someone who rents from a housing association, as long as both landlords agree. The process is available to most secure and assured tenants in the UK, but there are some exceptions – such as tenants on introductory or demoted tenancies – so it’s important to check your tenancy agreement and speak to your landlord.
Swapping homes can offer several advantages:
Speed: It may be quicker than waiting for a transfer through the council’s allocation system.
Choice: You have more control over where you move, including the type of property and location.
Flexibility: Swaps can help if you need a larger or smaller home, want to move closer to work or family, or need to relocate for other reasons.
However, there are important things to consider:
Property Condition: You accept the property “as seen,” so inspect it carefully before agreeing to a swap.
Tenancy Rights: Your tenancy type and rights may change after the swap, especially if moving between different landlords.
Rent and Charges: The rent and service charges may be different in the new property.
Permission Required: You must get written permission from both landlords before moving. Swapping without consent is a breach of tenancy and could lead to eviction.
Find a Swap: You can search for potential swaps through online exchange schemes, local noticeboards, or by word of mouth. Many councils and housing associations recommend using official home swap services.
Check Eligibility: Make sure you and your potential swap partner are eligible. Both parties should be secure or assured tenants with a clear rent account and no outstanding legal issues.
Apply to Your Landlord: Both tenants must apply in writing to their respective landlords. Each landlord will carry out checks, including property inspections and reviewing your tenancy record.
Wait for Approval: Landlords must respond within 42 days. They can refuse a swap for certain reasons, such as if you have rent arrears, the property is too large or small for your needs, or if the property is adapted for special needs.
Complete the Legal Process: If approved, you’ll be asked to sign new tenancy agreements and arrange a moving date. Do not move until all paperwork is completed and permission is granted.
These rules are set out in the Housing Act 1985 (for council tenants) and the Housing Act 1988 (for housing association tenants). Always check your own tenancy agreement for any additional conditions.
If you’re considering a home swap, your local council or housing association can offer guidance and help you understand the process. They can also direct you to trusted home swap services and provide advice on your rights and responsibilities.
For further details, including step-by-step guidance and useful tips, visit our home swaps page.
If you have questions or need help with your application, don’t hesitate to contact your landlord’s housing office or seek independent housing advice.
Council Housing and Other Housing Options
When looking for affordable accommodation, it’s important to understand how council housing compares to other options available in the UK. Each type of housing comes with its own application process, tenancy rights, and responsibilities. Here’s how council housing stacks up against other common choices:
Council housing is owned and managed by local councils, while housing associations are not-for-profit organisations that provide similar affordable homes. Both offer secure tenancies and rents below market rates, but there are some differences:
Application Process: You can usually apply for both through your local council, but some housing associations accept direct applications.
Tenancy Types: Both can offer assured or secure tenancies, giving tenants strong rights against eviction.
Repairs and Maintenance: Councils and housing associations are responsible for most repairs, but housing associations may have different policies or response times.
Right to Buy: Council tenants may have the Right to Buy their home after a qualifying period, while housing association tenants may be eligible for Right to Acquire, which has different rules.
For more details, see Housing Associations on GOV.UK.
Private renting usually means renting from a private landlord or renting through a letting agent. Here are the main differences compared to council housing:
Rent Levels: Council housing rents are typically much lower than those in the private sector.
Tenancy Security: Council tenants often have more secure tenancies (such as secure or introductory tenancies), whereas private renters usually have assured shorthold tenancies, which offer less long-term security.
Repairs: Both councils and private landlords must meet legal standards for repairs and safety, but councils are generally more regulated and accountable.
Eviction: Councils must follow strict legal procedures under the Housing Act 1985 and 1996, while private landlords can serve a Section 21 notice (no-fault eviction) with less justification.
Support: Councils provide support and advice to their tenants, while private renters may need to seek help independently if issues arise.
For more on issues specific to the private sector, see Private Housing Sector (Liverpool City Council).
House sharing is common among students, young professionals, and those seeking lower costs. In house shares, you rent a room in a property with others, either from a private landlord or as part of a shared council or housing association tenancy.
Tenancy Type: In council housing, house sharing usually means joint tenancies, where all tenants share responsibility. In the private sector, you might have an individual or joint tenancy, or even be a lodger.
Rights and Responsibilities: Council tenants in shared properties have similar rights to those in individual council homes, including access to repairs and secure tenancy agreements.
Bills and Facilities: In house shares, bills may or may not be included, and you’ll share facilities like kitchens and bathrooms.
Student housing is a specialist form of accommodation, usually provided by universities or private companies. It’s designed for full-time students and often includes communal facilities and all-inclusive bills.
Eligibility: Council housing is rarely available to full-time students unless they have particular needs or dependents.
Tenancy Length: Student housing tenancies are usually fixed-term, matching the academic year, while council tenancies are more stable and long-term.
Support: Student accommodation providers may offer pastoral support, while council tenants can access local authority support services.
It’s important to distinguish between council tenants and those who are lodgers or resident landlords:
Council Tenants: Have a legal agreement with the council, with rights to repairs, security of tenure, and often succession rights.
Lodgers: Rent a room in someone else’s home and have fewer rights than tenants. If you’re a council tenant, you may be allowed to take in a lodger, but must inform the council and may need permission.
Resident Landlords: Live in the property and rent out rooms. Tenants in this arrangement (often called lodgers) have limited protection from eviction.
For more on the differences, see our guide to lodgers and resident landlords.
Understanding these differences can help you choose the right housing option for your needs. For more on how council housing fits into the wider system, visit Council housing and housing associations – GOV.UK.
