Introduction to Your Rights When Buying a Car
When you buy a car in the UK, the Consumer Rights Act 2015 offers important protections to help ensure you get a fair deal. This law sets out clear rules for what you should expect when purchasing goods – including cars – from a dealer or trader. Its main purpose is to protect consumers from being left out of pocket if something goes wrong.
Under the Act, the term ‘goods’ covers almost anything you buy, and this includes both new and used cars bought from a business. Private sales and auctions are treated differently, but if you’re buying from a dealer, your rights apply in full.
The law requires that any car you buy must meet three key standards:
Satisfactory quality: The car should meet the standard that a reasonable person would expect, taking into account its age, mileage, price, and description. For example, a nearly-new car should be free from defects, while an older, high-mileage car may show signs of wear, but shouldn’t have major faults.
Fit for purpose: The car must be suitable for the purpose it’s being bought for. If you tell the dealer you need a vehicle capable of towing a caravan, for example, it must be up to the job.
As described: The car must match the description given by the seller, whether that’s in an advert, on the dealer’s website, or in conversation. If you’re told the car has a certain feature or recently passed an MOT, this should be accurate.
Knowing your rights before you buy can help you make informed decisions and spot potential issues early. Even after the sale, these protections continue – so if your car turns out to be faulty or not as promised, you may be entitled to a repair, replacement, or refund.
Understanding these rights is especially important because problems can sometimes arise after you’ve driven away. For a broader look at your options and what to do if you encounter difficulties, you may find it helpful to explore our guidance on car purchase issues. This can help you take the right steps whether you’re still considering a purchase or dealing with a problem after buying your car.
What the Consumer Rights Act 2015 Means for Car Buyers
What the Consumer Rights Act 2015 Means for Car Buyers
The Consumer Rights Act 2015 sets out clear protections for anyone buying a car from a dealer in the UK, whether it’s new or used. When you purchase a car, you are legally entitled to expect that it meets three key standards: it must be of satisfactory quality, fit for its intended purpose, and as described by the seller.
1. Satisfactory Quality
A car must be of satisfactory quality, which means it should meet the standard that a reasonable person would expect, taking into account its age, price, mileage, and description. For a new car, this generally means it should be free from defects, safe to drive, and function as expected. For used cars, the standard is slightly lower, but the car should still be roadworthy, reliable, and not have major faults that you weren’t made aware of before purchase. If you want more detail on what counts as satisfactory quality, especially for used vehicles, you can find practical advice and examples from Citizens Advice.
2. Fit for Purpose
The car should be suitable for the purpose it was bought for. For example, if you told the dealer you needed a car capable of towing a caravan, and they recommended a particular model, it must be able to do that. If it can’t, you may have grounds to take action.
3. As Described
The car must match the description given by the dealer, whether that’s in an advert, on the dealer’s website, or in a conversation. If you were told the car has certain features (like air conditioning or a specific trim level) or a particular service history, those details must be accurate.
How the Act Applies to New vs Used Cars
While the Consumer Rights Act 2015 covers both new and used cars, there are important differences in how the law is applied. New cars are expected to be free of faults and perform flawlessly, while used cars are judged against their age, mileage, and price. A minor scratch or slight wear may be acceptable in a used car, but not in a new one.
If you’re considering buying a second-hand vehicle, it’s worth exploring the specific used car purchase legal considerations, which explain your rights and what to look out for before you buy.
What If Your Car Doesn’t Meet These Standards?
If your car fails to meet any of these three key standards shortly after purchase, you have rights under the Consumer Rights Act 2015. Within the first 30 days, you can usually reject the car and claim a full refund. After 30 days (but within six months), you’re generally entitled to a repair or replacement. If the dealer can’t fix the issue, you may be able to reject the car or seek a price reduction.
For used cars, your rights are the same in principle, but the definition of what’s “satisfactory” is more flexible. If you discover a problem, it’s important to act quickly and contact the dealer. For further guidance on resolving issues with a pre-owned vehicle and the steps you can take, visit Citizens Advice’s page on satisfactory quality.
Understanding your rights under the Consumer Rights Act 2015 helps you make informed decisions and gives you confidence when buying your next car, whether it’s brand new or has had a previous owner.
Dealing with Faulty or Misdescribed Cars
When you buy a car in the UK – whether new or used – from a dealer, the Consumer Rights Act 2015 gives you important protections if the car is faulty or not as described. Here’s what you need to know about your rights, what steps to take, and how to resolve problems with the seller.
What to Do If the Car Is Faulty or Not as Described
If you discover a fault soon after purchase, or if the car isn’t as the seller described (for example, the mileage, history, or features are misrepresented), you have clear legal rights. The law says the car must be of satisfactory quality, fit for purpose, and match its description.
Common issues might include mechanical faults, undisclosed accident damage, or missing features that were advertised. As soon as you notice a problem, contact the seller in writing, describe the fault, and keep a record of all communications. Acting quickly is important, as your options depend on how soon you report the issue.
Your Right to Reject the Car Within 30 Days
Under the Consumer Rights Act, you have a short-term right to reject the car within the first 30 days of taking ownership if it is faulty or not as described. This means you can return the car to the seller and claim a full refund. You don’t have to accept a repair or replacement during this period if you’d prefer to reject the car entirely.
To understand the process and your legal obligations, see our guide on rejecting a car – UK legal considerations.
Repair or Replacement Rights After 30 Days
If you decide to keep the car, or if the 30-day window has passed, you still have rights. The dealer must offer a repair or replacement if the fault was present at the time of sale. You can choose which option you prefer, unless the seller can show your choice is disproportionately expensive compared to the alternative.
If the first repair or replacement doesn’t fix the problem, or another fault appears, you may still be entitled to a partial refund or a final rejection of the car. The amount of any refund may be reduced to reflect your use of the car.
For a step-by-step guide on what to do next, see if you bought a faulty car.
Handling Disputes with the Seller
Sometimes, the seller may dispute whether the fault exists or claim it was caused after the sale. If a problem arises within the first six months, the law presumes the fault was present at the time of purchase, unless the seller can prove otherwise. You can request an independent inspection to support your case.
If you can’t resolve the issue directly with the seller, consider using their complaints process or an alternative dispute resolution (ADR) scheme. Keep all evidence, including emails, inspection reports, and photos of the fault.
Time Limits and Conditions for Making a Claim
30 days: You can reject the car for a full refund.
6 months: If a fault appears, it’s presumed to have been present at purchase unless the seller proves otherwise. The dealer has one chance to repair or replace the car.
6 years: You can make a claim for breaches of contract for up to six years after purchase in England and Wales (five years in Scotland), but proving the fault was present at the time of sale becomes harder over time.
For more detailed information about your rights to a refund or return, visit our page on returns and refunds for faulty goods.
Understanding your rights under the Consumer Rights Act 2015 helps you take confident action if your new or used car turns out to be faulty or misdescribed. Acting quickly and keeping good records will put you in the strongest position to resolve any issues.
Buying Used Cars and Your Consumer Rights
When it comes to buying a used car in the UK, the Consumer Rights Act 2015 offers you important protections, but there are special considerations compared to buying a brand new vehicle. Understanding your rights – and your responsibilities – can help you make a more informed purchase and avoid unpleasant surprises down the road.
What Does the Consumer Rights Act Cover for Used Cars?
The Consumer Rights Act 2015 states that any car you buy from a dealer must be:
Of satisfactory quality – taking into account its age, mileage, make, and price.
Fit for purpose – suitable for the use you discussed with the seller.
As described – matching the description given in adverts or by the seller.
However, because used cars have had previous owners, what counts as “satisfactory quality” is judged differently than for new cars. Normal wear and tear, higher mileage, and minor cosmetic issues are often expected in older vehicles. The law recognises this, so your rights are balanced against the car’s age and condition.
How Do Previous Use, Mileage, and Condition Affect Your Rights?
When you buy a used car, the law expects you to accept a certain amount of wear and tear. For example:
Higher mileage may mean more worn parts or minor faults, which are considered normal unless the seller promised otherwise.
Older cars are less likely to be in perfect condition, so small scratches or worn interiors might not be grounds for a complaint.
Previous use (such as being a former hire or fleet vehicle) should be disclosed if it affects the car’s value or performance.
If the car develops a major fault soon after purchase – something that wouldn’t be expected given its age and mileage – you may still have the right to a repair, replacement, or even a refund. The key is whether the fault makes the car unsatisfactory for its age and price.
What Should Sellers Tell You About a Used Car?
Dealers are legally required to provide accurate information about the car’s history and condition. This includes:
Disclosing any major accidents, previous damage, or outstanding finance.
Being honest about the car’s mileage and service history.
Not hiding known faults or misleading you in adverts.
If you’re interested in buying used cars with cheap road tax and insurance, make sure the seller provides correct details about the car’s emissions, engine size, and insurance group, as these factors can affect your ongoing costs and legal obligations.
Why Is It Important to Check for Damage and Issues Before You Buy?
Although the law protects you, it’s always wise to thoroughly inspect any used car before committing to a purchase. Check for signs of previous accidents, rust, unusual noises, or warning lights on the dashboard. Ask to see the car’s service history and MOT certificates.
If you’re considering a car that’s been previously damaged or repaired, read our guide to buying damaged cars for tips on what to look out for and how your rights may be affected.
Practical Tips
Test drive the car and check all controls work as expected.
Get an independent vehicle history check to spot hidden issues like outstanding finance or mileage discrepancies.
Ask questions about anything you’re unsure of – dealers have a legal duty not to mislead you.
Keep all paperwork and communication in case you need to make a claim later.
By knowing your rights and taking sensible precautions, you can buy a used car with greater confidence and peace of mind. If problems do arise, the Consumer Rights Act 2015 is there to support you – but being proactive before you buy is always the best protection.
What to Do If You Discover Your Car Is Stolen or Has Other Serious Issues
If you discover that the car you’ve bought is stolen, or it has other serious problems like being written off, clocked, or subject to outstanding finance, it’s important to know your rights and the steps you should take.
Your Rights If You Find Out the Car Is Stolen
Buying a stolen car is a serious issue. Under the Consumer Rights Act 2015, you have the right to expect that the car you purchase is legally owned by the seller and that they have the right to sell it. If it turns out the car is stolen, you do not legally own it – even if you bought it in good faith. The rightful owner or their insurer can claim the car back, leaving you without the vehicle and potentially out of pocket.
In addition to your rights under the Consumer Rights Act, other laws such as the Theft Act 1968 and principles of property law come into play. These laws mean that ownership of stolen goods cannot legally pass to the buyer, even if the sale was honest on your part.
What the Consumer Rights Act Covers
The Consumer Rights Act 2015 requires that any car sold by a dealer must be:
Of satisfactory quality
Fit for purpose
As described
If the car is stolen, it is not “as described,” and the seller has no legal right to sell it. This gives you the right to reject the car and seek a full refund from the seller. If you bought the car from a private seller, your rights may be more limited, but the seller must still have the legal right to sell the car.
Steps to Take If You Discover a Serious Issue
Stop Using the Car: If you suspect the car is stolen, stop using it immediately. The police may need to investigate, and continuing to use the car could complicate matters.
Contact the Police: Report your concerns to the police. They can confirm if the car is stolen and advise on the next steps.
Contact the Seller: Inform the seller in writing about the issue and request a refund. If the seller is a dealer, they are responsible for resolving the problem under the Consumer Rights Act. If you bought from a private seller, you may need to seek legal advice.
Gather Documentation: Keep all paperwork, including the sales contract, receipts, and any correspondence with the seller.
Seek Further Guidance: For detailed advice on what to do if you bought a stolen car, see our dedicated guide.
Other Serious Issues After Purchase
Besides stolen vehicles, other serious issues can affect your rights:
Outstanding Finance: If the car is subject to outstanding finance, the finance company may have rights to reclaim it.
Clocked Mileage: If the mileage has been tampered with, the car is not as described, giving you grounds to seek a remedy.
Written-Off Cars: If the car was written off by an insurer and not properly repaired or declared, you may be entitled to a refund or compensation.
Protecting Yourself Legally and Financially
Check the Car’s History: Before buying, use a vehicle history check to spot issues like theft, finance, or write-offs.
Keep Records: Save all documents and communications with the seller.
Act Quickly: The sooner you raise concerns, the stronger your position under the Consumer Rights Act – especially within the first 30 days of purchase, when you have the strongest right to a refund.
Remember, dealing with a stolen car or other serious problems can be stressful, but you do have rights. Take prompt action, seek advice, and use the protections offered by the Consumer Rights Act 2015 to resolve the issue. For more detailed steps on what to do if you bought a stolen car, visit our dedicated page.
Resolving Problems After Purchase: Repairs, Replacements, and Refunds
When you buy a car in the UK, the Consumer Rights Act 2015 gives you important protections if things go wrong after the sale. If your car turns out to be faulty, not as described, or doesn’t meet the standards you were promised, you have clear rights to seek a repair, replacement, or refund. Here’s what you need to know about resolving problems after purchase.
Your Right to Repairs or Replacements
Under the Consumer Rights Act 2015, any car you buy from a dealer must be of satisfactory quality, fit for purpose, and as described. If you discover a fault within the first 30 days of purchase, you have the right to reject the car and claim a full refund. If you report a problem after this initial 30-day window (but within six months), the law presumes the fault was present at the time of sale unless the seller can prove otherwise.
In most cases, you should first give the seller the opportunity to repair the car or provide a replacement. This is known as your “right to repair or replacement.” The seller should carry out the repair at no cost to you, within a reasonable time, and without causing significant inconvenience.
When Can You Demand a Refund?
If the car cannot be repaired or replaced, or if the same fault reoccurs, you have the right to reject the car and ask for a refund. This is known as the “final right to reject.” If you exercise this right within the first six months, the refund should be for the full amount, but the seller may make a deduction for the use you’ve had from the car.
For more details on how refunds work and what to expect, see our guide on returns and refunds for faulty goods.
How to Approach the Seller
If you discover a problem, contact the seller as soon as possible. Explain the issue clearly, referencing the Consumer Rights Act 2015, and state what remedy you are seeking (repair, replacement, or refund). It’s best to do this in writing (such as by email) so you have a record of your communication.
The seller should respond promptly and agree to inspect the car or arrange a repair. Most reputable dealers will want to resolve the issue quickly. Repairs should be completed within a reasonable timeframe – what’s “reasonable” depends on the nature of the fault, but you shouldn’t be left without your car for an extended period.
If you need to leave your car with the seller or a garage for repairs, make sure you understand what work will be done and get confirmation in writing. If you believe a garage or mechanic damaged your car during a repair, you may have additional rights and steps to take.
If the Seller Refuses to Cooperate
Sometimes, a seller may dispute your claim or refuse to offer a suitable remedy. If this happens, you can escalate the issue by:
Reiterating your rights under the Consumer Rights Act 2015 in writing.
Gathering evidence, such as inspection reports or correspondence.
Seeking advice from a consumer protection body or considering alternative dispute resolution (ADR).
If you paid by credit card (for purchases over £100), you may also have protection under Section 75 of the Consumer Credit Act.
Remember, you do not have to accept repeated failed repairs. If the problem isn’t fixed after one attempt, you can usually move to the next remedy – either a replacement or a refund.
For more comprehensive advice on your next steps, including what to do if you need to return your car or claim a refund, see our page on returns and refunds for faulty goods.
By understanding your rights and acting promptly, you can make sure you’re protected if your new car doesn’t meet expectations.
Additional Considerations: Car Finance and Insurance
When buying a car on finance or arranging insurance, there are a few extra points to keep in mind under the Consumer Rights Act 2015. Your legal protections can be affected by how you pay for the car and the type of cover you have in place.
Car Finance: Your Rights and Mis-selling
If you bought your car using finance, such as a Personal Contract Purchase (PCP), Hire Purchase (HP), or a loan arranged through the dealership, your rights under the Consumer Rights Act 2015 still apply. This means you’re entitled to expect the car to be of satisfactory quality, fit for purpose, and as described.
However, finance agreements are regulated separately, often under the Consumer Credit Act 1974. If you believe your car finance deal was mis-sold – for example, if you weren’t given clear information about the costs, or were pressured into a deal you didn’t understand – you may have grounds to challenge the agreement. This could include hidden fees, unclear terms, or not being told about commission payments.
To find out more about your options and how to proceed, visit our page on mis-sold car finance claims.
How Finance Issues Affect Your Consumer Rights
If your car turns out to be faulty or not as described, and you bought it on finance, you may have extra protection. In many cases, the finance provider is jointly responsible with the dealer for putting things right. This means you can often make a complaint or claim for a refund, repair, or replacement directly to the finance company, not just the dealer.
It’s important to check the terms of your finance agreement and keep records of all communication. If you’re unsure, seeking advice can help clarify your position.
The Role of Vehicle Insurance
Insurance is separate from your consumer rights but plays a crucial role in protecting your interests. Having the right vehicle insurance can help cover the cost of damage, theft, or accidents, and may also provide extra benefits like legal expenses cover.
If you discover a problem with your car after purchase – such as accidental damage, theft, or a write-off – your insurance policy may help you recover some or all of your losses. Always review your policy documents to understand what’s covered and any exclusions that may apply.
Making an Insurance Claim
If you need to make a claim, act quickly and follow your insurer’s procedures. This usually involves notifying them as soon as possible, providing details and evidence, and cooperating with any investigations.
For a step-by-step guide on what to do and how to get the best outcome, see our advice on making a claim under vehicle insurance.
By understanding your rights around car finance and insurance, you can make more informed decisions and better protect yourself if things go wrong.
